Improvement in water-wheels



cimiteri tant @than diiiir;

Lette/rs Patent No. 95,954, dated October 19, 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN WATERvW'HEELS.

The Schedule referred to in these Lettera Patent and making part of the same.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that'I, Jos TORT, of\the city -of Mexico, in the Republic of Mexico, have invented new and useful Improvement'in \Va ter\ Vheels; and I do hereby declare thatthe following ,is a full,

clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in waterwheels, having for its object to utilize both the direct and reacting forces of the water, the said invention being based on the following theory:

Any pressure brought to bear upon a liquid contained in any recipient is equally distributed in every `part ofthe same, and its particles, as also the surfaces which it encounters, either submerged or contingent, receive the same pressure that they would it acted upon directly. On this law of physics rests the theory of the turbine invented by me.

If, in any recipient lilled with a liquid, on which a certa-in pressure is vbrought to bear, a hole or orifice be made, the liquid will come out through said orifice with an impulsive force, proportioned to the pressure acting upon the liquid. lf this orice be made in a movable apparatus, properly placed, the impulsive force of the liquid, on going out, produces a repulsive force on the apparatus theoretically, but, owing to friction, &c., not practically equal to the former, and causes movement of the apparatus. On this principle is based the motion of the turbines now known.

The object of my invention is to utilize the impulsive force by means of an improved construction of parts, as hereinafter' specified.

The impulsive force ofthe liquid, On rushing out of theqorifices of the turbines commonly in use, produces anamount of motion proportioned to the reactionary power determined in .the apparatus which holds it; but the A liquid escapes freely, and without hindrance, by the oriiice, losing all its impulsive power, without any use being made ofthe same.

I place an obstacle additional to that oiiered by the atmosphere, -upon which the' impulsive force of the water mayict to a greater or less degree.

The friction ofthe walls or'sides ofthe tubes or receptacles,`which contain the liquid, the resistance of the half, 85e., must diminish the impulsive and repulsive eect of th'e liquid, as is actually the case, and on this account the water never rises to the same height from which it falls.

Furthermore, whereas by making use ofthe impulsive force of. the liquid, I cause two forces diametri# cally opposed to one another to work to the .same end, it is clear that the momentaneous increase inthe one (for any accidental cause whatever) governs the de- `centric wheel or disk, O.

crease in the other, and vice versa, which causes'one to regulate the other', or rather causes them to regulate one another, for their equilibrium andthe amount ot' motion coming from both are more regular and constant in their working; that is to say, anyirregularities or variations of motion, which might be suddenly im- .parted to the rst wheel by variations in the force ot' the water, will, in a great measure, be regulated by the action of the second wheel, through the gearing or governor', the latter wheel being less aiiicted by such changes than the i'irst.

, In the accompanying drawings- Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation ot my improved wheel.

Figure 2 represents a plan of the bottom, partly broken out. y

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The turbine, known as the Scotchy turbine, which is the system used for the repulsive power of water, is the one which is the subject of my improvement in the present instance, having in view to increase the power of the same.

' On ythese turbines is placed a wheel, which receives the. water which comes but of the oritces of said turbine, making nse of the impulsive power by means of fixed and hinged buckets, the latter ot' which open and close at the proper time, as will` be seen from the following explanation. n

The turbine A is covered by a wheel, B, which wheel is placed onthe shaft or post to which the turbine isattached, the wheel B having, in its centre, a hub, a, encircling the shaft, so that it may revolve easily, its motion being contrary `to that of the turbine. This motion Ais changed to unite with that of the turbine by means of cog-wheels d c f, as is shown in the drawings.

The turbine has on top, and.. attached to it, a ee- 'lhis wheel has for its object the closing of the hinged buckets of the wheel li, when these are over the lorilices ofthe turbine.

These hinged buckets are Opened by springs g, to receive the water, with the Object of making use ot' all the water, and receivingit directly, to gain thereby the greatest amount of power.

These buckets are arranged around the turbine as follows:

The outer wheel is made of two rims, B', with iron plates, j", perpendicular to the centre oi' the wheel. These plates are on the inside of the rims B of the wheel, and adjoining the periphery of the same. The lines j" show the plates as seen perpendicularly.

On the inside part of each plate, which terminates free ends of these buckets rest on the. eccentric wheel turbine.

or disk C. On being pushed by the springs y,.tzhes'e` plates open, forming an obtuse angle when they receive the Water. Before receiving it, they form a right angle with the xed plates.

As the eccentric'turus ip a contrary direction to the' wheel B, and as the hinged buckets of this last rest on, the eccentric, it works so that on the arrival of' the plates opposite the orices of the turbine, the plates e open so as to take in all the Water,.and make use of all the power, presenting, at the same time, an obstacle to its outlet, and giving greater impulse to the Fig. 1 shows the turbine covered by the wheel B, and the combination of the cog-wheels to unite the two powers, so that they may work to the saine end.

The buckets e are arrested when swinging open, at

the proper point, by pins z.

Having thu's described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of the wheel A and eccentric plate C with the wheel B, when the latter is arranged to enclose the former, substantially as 'shown and described.

2. The combination of the iixed buckets f', hinged buckets c', springs g, and eccentric plate Oywhen arranged substantially as specified.

3. The toothed hub a, of the wheel B, the wheels e f, and shaft of the wheel A, all combined and arranged as specified.

lThe above specification of my invention signed by me, this 4th day of May, 1869.

' JOS TORT.

' XVitnesses FRANK BLOCKLEY," O. L. TOPLIFF. 

